Metronidazole; by SeaChem, API, More

 

Revised 1/16/19

Metronidazole is an antibiotic (for anaerobic bacteria) and anti-protozoal medication used to treat various conditions internally and externally in fish.

As for Anaerobic bacteria, these are bacterium that thrive in environments in which there is little oxygen (anaerobic environments) and can cause disease in such environments as the intestinal tract and liver.

Metronidazole belongs to a class of antibiotics known as nitroimidazoles which work by ceasing the growth of bacteria and protozoa. Metronidazole works by selectively blocking some of the functions within the bacterial cells and some parasites resulting in their death.
Metronidazole is metabolized in the liver (whether a fish or a human).

Metronidazoles primary use is for the treatment of ANAEROBIC gram positive & SOME negative bacteria including those that produce beta-lactamase.
However, it is not effective against aerobic bacterium. This means Metronidazole is a poor choice for suspected bacterial diseases in open heavily oxygenated aquariums/ponds such as Columnaris, while it is an excellent choice for diseases of the low/no oxygen environment of the intestinal tract or other internal suspected bacterial pathogens (generally used ina fish food soak for best results).
Metronidazole may be a good choice for any bacterial disease present in low oxygen, high bio-load aquariums or ponds.

As well Metronidazole is effective for some protozoa.
It was originally found effective for the management of infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.
For fish applications Metronidazole has been shown to be in particular more effective for internal and external flagellates.

Metronidazole is also sometimes effective for other protozoan parasite infections, especially for Cryptocaryon in marine aquaria as well as Hexamita & Ichthyophthirius.

Metronidazole is often recommended for disease in Cichlids which is often thought to be caused by Hexamita, HOWEVER there is considerable evidence that the cause of "Hole in the Head" is simply the lack of Calcium and even positive calcium ions. This is especially common in aquariums utilizing water softened using sodium chloride or potassium chloride to drive out hard water minerals.
Use of such water should be ceased prior to using Metronidazole and as well, the use of products such as Wonder Shells mineral blocks should also be used first before treating with Metronidazole (or combined).
References:
Hole in the Head Disease
AAP Wonder Shells; Unique Version

Due to Metronidazoles effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria by selectively blocking some of the cell functions of anaerobic bacteria, Metronidazole along with Neomycin is a good choice for bloating of the digestive tract (common in goldfish).
Metronidazole selectively blocks some of the cell functions in anaerobic bacteria, resulting in their demise.

Metronidazole is also effective used in combination (such as with Praziquantel) or by itself for internal parasites such as Nematodes or Trematodes.
In marine aquarium infections is where Metronidazole really shines as it is very effective internally and since Marine fish are always drinking the water around them, medication is easily transported to the infected area.
In Freshwater, treatment can be improved by soaking food as well and this is still an effective freshwater treatment as well.

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USAGE:

Directions from SeaChem Metronidazole; use 100 mg. for every 10 gallons (40 L).
Repeat every 2 days until symptoms disappear.
Make sure any UV Sterilizer (if used) is turned off and any carbon, Purigen, Chemipure or similar chemical filter media is also removed during treatment.

To feed (use as for a medicated food), use 100 mg. with approximately i tablespoon of frozen or dried food (fried food would need to be placed in just a enough water to cover and make wet/moist). Feed until symptoms disappear.
Introduction of Metronidazole to the aquarium water when feeding is OK.

Metronidazole can also be used in a fish bath. This is generally performed at double the "in tank" dose as per amount of water used in this bath. I recommend the use of Methylene Blue and maybe salt during this bath treatment too (once or twice per day for 7-10 days).
See: Fish Baths, Dips, Swabs

As with ANY treatment regimen, it is extremely important to follow correct procedures that includes addressing ALL water parameters and stressors (including oxidative stress.
Please read this easy to read article and follow ALL advice given as to proper treatment regimens:
Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish

PRODUCTS CONTAINING METRONIDAZOLE:

*SeaChem Metronidazole, for Purchase
Recommended source to purchase based on extensive aquarium and pond professional experience dating back to 1978.
SeaChem's Metronidazole is the MOST PURE and easily used form of this antibiotic available to the fish keeping community

*API General Cure, for Purchase Contains Metronidazole & Praziquantel

VIDEO:

AAP Professional Aquarium & Pond Medications
THE BEST AQUARIUM TREATMENTS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD! Fresh Product found EXCLUSIVELY at AAP

REFERENCES:

Aquarium Medications 2; Antibiotics, Antimicrobials

*How Medications Work, and Which Ones to Use and Not to Use

Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:

AAP Spectrogram
THERE IS NO MORE EFFECTIVE treatment for Fish Columnaris!!

Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish

Aquarium UV Sterilization; How UVC Sterilizers Work

Purchasing Aquarium & Pond Equipment via Amazon

ALSO FROM THE ABOVE WEB SITE:
YouTube & Facebook for Aquarium Keeping Information

SEACHEM PRODUCTS
Some of the best aquarium treatments available.

AAP Wonder Shells
The ONLY Authorized online seller of the full line of this unique product. Only FRESH product, not clearance product!!

Aquarium Heaters; Submersible Quartz, Titanium

SeaChem Purigen

 

Revised 1/16/19

What is SeaChem Purigen?

First, I will say what Purgien is not; Purigen is NOT a treatment or water conditioner, rather Purigen is a chemical Filtration Product or "Filter Media".
Purigen is a premium synthetic adsorbent that is unlike most other similar filtration products such as Bio-Chem Zorb or Boyds Chemi-Pure.
Purigen is not a mixture of carbons, ion exchangers or adsorbents, rather Purigen is a unique macro-porous synthetic polymer that removes soluble and insoluble impurities from water at a rate and capacity that exceeds all others by over 500%. Sea Chem Purigen controls ammonia, nitrites and often hard to control nitrates by removing nitrogenous organic waste that would otherwise release these harmful compounds, with minimal impact on trace elements.

Purigen possesses enhanced capacity owing to its vast surface area. All other resins on the market are purely spherical extruded beads. These beads remain smooth even under a microscope. Purigen is both spherical and macroreticular. A macroreticular resin is made of two continuous phases, a continuous pore phase and a continuous gel polymeric phase. The polymeric phase is structurally composed of small spherical microgel particles agglomerated together to form clusters, which, in turn, are fastened together at the interfaces and form interconnecting pores. The surface area arises from the exposed surface of the microgel glued together into clusters.
The result is microscopic pores that increase its usable surface area to many times that of a purely spherical resin.

The result is that Purigen is the highest capacity organic filtration resin on the market. No other products can compare to its ability to clear and polish yellow or cloudy water to unparalleled clarity. Unlike other products on the market which are simple ion-exchange resins, Purigen is specifically designed to be an organic scavenging resin. When ion-exchange resins are filled to capacity by metals and other contaminants, Purigen® has barely begun to reach its potential.

ATTRIBUTES OF PURIGEN

*SeaChem Purigen polishes water to unparalleled clarity and darkens progressively as it is exhausted

*Purigen removes many tannins and other organic water "yellowing" by-products that ordinary carbon or carbon based products cannot (this is especially helpful to use with new driftwood or to lower the "yellow" color of aquarium 2-3 days after introduction of Indian Almond Leaves or Peat).
Purigen has no known effect on bacteria. It takes all the dye of e.g. peat, etc. allowing for more light available for plants.

*Purigen can be combined with Matrix or NPX Bioplastics Nitrate & Phosphate Reducing Polymer for even better results.
However in planted freshwater aquariums, we primarily recommend SeaChem Matrix (as well NPX Bioplastics Nitrate & Phosphate Reducing Polymer is generally intended for Marine aquariums with a Protein Skimmer, although use with Purigen including a planted freshwater aquarium would be an exception).

*Sea Chem Purigen is easily renewed by treating with bleach and is designed for both marine and freshwater use.

Directions; Soak in a 1:1 bleach:water solution for 24 hours in a non-metalic container in a well ventilated area and away from children. Rinse well, then soak for 8 hours with a solution containing 2 tablespoons of Prime, or equivalent dechlorinator (Water Conditioner) per cup of water (do not use slime coat dechlorinators such as Stress Coat or Novaqua).
Then, rinse well. After this, original color and full activity should now be restored and Purigen is ready for reuse.

TIP: I suggest using De-ionized/distilled water for both the soak and rinse for best results (more important for the soak)

The picture to the above/left show Purigen after a soak in bleach

REFERENCES:
*Aquarium GH, KH, PH; Chemistry, What to Know
*SeaChem.Com; Purigen
*SeaChem Purigen, for Purchase (Recommended source to purchase based on extensive aquarium and pond professional experience dating back to 1978)

Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:

AAP Wonder Shells
The ONLY Authorized online seller of the full line of this unique product. Only FRESH product, not clearance product!!
A MUST use when Purigen is employed in an aquarium to maintain Redox Balance as Purigen increases oxidative stress in an aquarium as a side affect of its actions!

Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish

*UV Sterilization for Aquarium or Pond
This is the most in depth article on the subject of the important use of UV Sterilizers for aquarium or pond disease prevention and redox balance.

*UV Bulbs; High Efficiency
Only high efficiency, high output UVC lamps, including some models with patented heat shield that further increases efficiency & output.

*A Healthy Aquarium, Disease Prevention
A an excellent read with proven/tested steps to a healthier aquarium

*SunSun Powerhead Aquarium Pumps
Superior performance and value to more well known brands such as Marineland or Hagen